Barns are prime habitats for starlings since they offer everything the starling needs to thrive: food, shelter, and water. The soft plastic spikes make it uncomfortable for birds to land but wont harm the birds. Note: the dimensions shown are for 15mm thick wood. Why a specific hole size is not necessarily required for any bird species is that those holes, or cavities relate to what birds use in the wild. 3. Another simple way to reduce the number of House Sparrows and European Starlings around your property is to avoid feeding them. It's great if you want the snug fit of The Starling and The Heron but are looking for a little less coverage on the top part of the foot. To receive interest in your newly put up bird house is nothing new, nor is it new for anyone to only see species nest in their bird house that was never intended for them. Vents with nests inside may not function properly. The Starling Stumper features a center hanger attached to three 6" chains. Fortunately, you dont have to live with these nuisance birds forever. Place a single layer of mealworms, roasted mealworms or Birdacious Bark Butter Bits on the floor of the feeder. Only now and then do we hear of starlings eating them, usually out of complete desperation; but we hear many great success stories from many people who come back to buy more, having had no starlings bother them at all. Both species nest in structures ranging from gutters and downspouts to thick shrubs and bushes, but readily use nest boxes when available. Leave plastic container from your WBU Suet Cakes on the food and place it in cage with suet facing down. The Recycled Hanging Mealworm Feeder is made from recycled milk jugs and features a heavy acrylic window for easy viewing. Leave about an inch on the page. Entrance hole: The entrance size is the most critical dimension for a safe, effective bluebird house. To be square to triangular would be of concern to birds, but a bird house with a rounded or, or best of - is all that is needed to see birds of all bird houses birds take to your box. Their calls and shrieks can wake residents up early, and make sitting in the backyard a harrowing experience. If you are not sure which types of birds you want to attract, go with a larger hole size. In all, a cup bird nest made by craftsmen and women vary in widths, and therefore depth. The woodpeckers, chickadees, nuthatches and other suet eating birds can cling from the bottom and feed upside down; but the larger blackbirds and starlings are more uncomfortable feeding this way. The table below will give you the recommended bird house plans/nest box sizes for various species: Bird House Dimensions Chart By Species Bag Sizes: 5 lbs. Wrong. They can't grab anything provided the nest is not a super tall one. What kind of bird houses do starlings like? It turns out that pure sand can also be used for seed starting. They diminish supplies of livestock feed 1,000 birds can put back 100 pounds of grain a day or they contaminate them with their feces. To not can see you receive a different, more fussy bird species than the one you intended to attract - or you may end up discourages all birds if its too small or large. They prefer a box slightly larger than the one used by blue tits, with an entrance hole of 45mm. They are iridescent black with speckles. The Answer Will Surprise You. By waiting to open your nest boxes until migratory birds return, you can ensure that they have a better chance of finding an unoccupied site. If a structure has a gap or entrance large enough for brown marmorated stink bugs to fit through, they will find it. Since our WBU Finch Feeders have small holes for finch sized beaks access to the Nyjer is near impossible for starlings and blackbirds; but the little birds such as American Goldfinches, House Finches, Purple Finches, Indigo Buntings, Pine Siskins, Redpolls and Black-capped Chickadees can access the food. A preferred birdhouse for a European Starling has 6 x 6 inches floor and 16-24 inches inside ceiling. Measurement shown is minimum distance from edge of hole to support. Mount the birdhouse 10-25 feet above ground. If you live in California, one critter you likely wont get, Gophers are digging, intrusive pests that can wreak havoc on your lawn and garden. Remember to drill some holes in the bottom for drainage. Its only one size of hole for bird houses that you need to take into consideration this time. The logic behind this method is that the adults will remain occupied with their nest and leave the native birds in your area alone. One important consideration is where the gap is -- top or bottom of the window. These deterrents work by mounting onto your roof, eaves, or other problem areas, and emitting a loud noise when they detect movement. Flexible bird spikes can also deter birds from landing on the roof. or smaller. European starlings are medium-sized, vocal birds that typically live in urban areas. Bag Sizes: 3 lbs. These basic entrance sizes can help attract just the types of birds you want to become backyard residents. Thinned-out branches make the birds feel more vulnerable to attacks from predators, so pruning is a simple task that goes a long way when you need to know how to keep birds from building a nest. There are several styles that seem to deter the sparrows for a while, but ultimately if these birds are desperate, they will eventually use the box. This is a simple step thats quite effective at removing sources of shelter for the birds. Here are the results: ROUND 1 1/4-inch (3.2 cm) diameter still allows entry. When nests block these critical structures, it can cause indoor air quality issues and fire hazards. 10). WBU Simply Suet: WBU Simply Suet does not have much appeal to European Starlings. 9. These articles will get you started on your way towards being a NestWatcher! The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Thanks for the information guys. If you're interested, the pass-through kit sold by Starlink contains everything you need to do the job, including a drill bit of the correct size, plastic covers, and a tube of clear silicone. As for the mouse, it's a simple matter. Wondering, What smell do birds hate? Peppermint oil is typically pretty offensive to starlings but will likely also deter most species of birds other than starlings too. Another way to keep starlings from coming into your yard is to switch up the bird feed to options that dont appeal to them. We recommend paying special attention to gutter systems, rainwater collection barrels, stock tanks, and other easy sources of water. Incubation Fake-out Be sure to wear protective gloves and wash your hands thoroughly when working around birds nesting sites. Find licensed pros in your area and get free, no-commitment estimates for your project. Not completely relevant but I have taken the courtesy of listing the kind of cavity wild birds in the wild nest in; birds of whom nest in bird houses go inside a cavity, while others in an open open. Starling nests can cause clogged gutters and fire hazards, while their droppings contain bacteria, parasites, and fungal agents that are health risks for people and domestic pets. And while focus is on wooden bird houses that use a rounded hole of various sizes, my guide refers to resin built nests that use a wide open cup at a specific depth. Thanks Donna. It helps to use a feeder with a cage diameter of at least 11 inches, so its impossible for starlings (or other animals like squirrels) to stick their heads through the cage to retrieve seeds. I use 1/2x1/2 with good results. Crumbs fall to the Crumb Port where birds recycle them. Ready to learn more? If you find a nest in the attic, start by deconstructing it and hiding the nesting material. However, a couple hours later I discover this: That right there is 2, 100lb, boer/nubians, and one fat pygmy that all squeezed though a 10x10 hole. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This keeps starlings from flying in but allows people, livestock, and machinery to move freely. House Sparrows and starlings prefer to be near human habitations, and starlings also frequently inhabit agricultural areas with abundant grain. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. If the cat can get their head through a small gap (and some cats -- including my little girl --can) but can't get their body through, they can get stuck and panic. 2. No they cannot fit but it won't stop them from looking in to see if there is anything they can nab. Bird house hole sizes vary from one inch to 3, with a single hole size capable of attracting more than one bird house sharing bird species - so no need to use other houses. 1. The best way to avoid a full-on starling infestation is to prevent them from accessing your property in the first place. A hole 45 mm square will give access to European Starlings can carry diseases that are transmissible to livestock and to people, including TGE (transmissible gastroenteritis a disease of swine), blastomycosis, and samonella. Starlings couldn't get through at first, but now some of them have learned to squeeze themselves through. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Starlings have short, triangular wings, a short tail, and vibrant, lightly speckled plumage. NickNackHummer. Large quantities of droppings often require repair work or expensive clean-up by a professional service. If 3.5cm is too big, I don't think my idea of 3.75 will work. You should also be aware that some frequencies can be damaging to other bird species, so you may inadvertently scare them away from your yard. Information about birds and their nesting habits! Whether you have decorative or fruit trees, their branches are easy for these species of birds to access and build a starling nest. Place a single layer of mealworms, roasted mealworms or Birdacious Bark Butter Bits on the floor of the feeder. How big should a hole be in a bird box? While they dont harm the birds, they do discourage them from landing. Move the bolt to the thread section of the gauge. Finch Tube Feeders differ from seed tube feeders in that the holes are small enough to accommodate finch beaks, preventing other birds, chipmunks and squirrels from feeding. The Large Tray Hanger comes complete with a center hanger and snaps on for easy assembly to trays. Birds, nests, and feces can transmit pathogens like E. coli, salmonella, and fungi that can lead to serious fungal infections. Do you want to build a nest box or have one already? Offer Foods with Less Appeal:There are a few foods which are less palatable to blackbirds and using these in feeders that don't have guards on them can help discourage these birds from taking over. *While not technically correct, all three species are commonly lumped under the term "Blackbird," and for simplicity we will use the term throughout the article unless specific clarification needs to be made. 1 1/8-inch (2-9 cm) diameter stops entry. The cage prevents large birds like starlings (as well as other pests, such as squirrels) from accessing the seed in your birdfeeder, but allows small birds like chickadees to pop right through. So, if you don't care for the look of the cage style protectors above, this feeder may be helpful. The WBU Eliminator has a capacity for approximately 3 lbs. Leave plastic container from your WBU Suet Cakes on the food and place it in the feeder with suet facing down. But you must refer to or go back to my bird house hole size chart listed on top of my guide whenever you need an exact or close too hole size outlined in inches. The WBU Eliminator Squirrel Proof Bird Feeder Pole Adapter Assembly Kit (sold separately) allows the Eliminator to be mounted on a WBU Advanced Pole System (APS) (sold separately). Dryer, stove, and bathroom vents are ideal. Below we list some humane, legal actions for controlling or deterring these two species. Because starlings can be aggressive toward other birds and are sometimes challenging to get rid of, its important to remove starlings from your property as soon as possible. Therefore, placing your nest boxes in natural areas away from densely-populated locations will prevent many non-target birds from ever finding them. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Bird enthusiasts must accept that wherever there is abundant food, so too will there be Starlings and House Sparrows. 3. They aerate the soil, create important habitats for other creatures, and control, Winter has arrived, which means most pests should be taking a break, right? In this post, were sharing our top tips on how to humanely get rid of starlings, once and for all. Table of Contents. Many of your favorite birds will enjoy safflower, yet blackbirds, grackles and squirrels typically don't. Starlings are also drawn to environments that offer the ideal habitat for nest-making: They prefer open, grassy areas like lawns, parks, fields, and golf courses. When you need to know how to get a bird out of your house or yard, theres no better expert to call than a professional wildlife removal specialist. Safflower Seed: Sunflower-eating birds love safflower; squirrels and blackbirds typically dont. I would say though if the hole is a little less or more, it shouldn't really make a difference. In addition to being unsightly, these droppings are extremely slippery, which can lead to problems in public areas. A migrating flock can number 100,000 birds. Duck and geese species featured in table don't nessarily need a rounded hole, but setup of boxes - for owls too - is usually reserved for those who study and look after wild birds. Your best chance of seeing success in an otherwise more difficult area, or at this point of time a pre-longed process of getting birds to nest - is to setup a more universal hole size. If you want to bring birds in your yard to nest in a bird house, then I will advice you to only place a bird house with the rounded design. Safflower can be offered in hopper, platform or tube feeders, and it is especially helpful for window or deck feeders where blackbirds or squirrels may be a problem. Press the threads of the bolt against the gauge. Youll also want to make sure to close doors when possible and block off all vents, openings to lofts or eaves, and gaps in the rafters with wire mesh. Starlings can often become aggressive toward other . Because European Starlings are a larger bird, they are less of a problem when it comes to competition with bluebirds and other smaller cavity-nesting species. The most effective way to avoid losing all your bird food to starlings and blackbirds is to physically prevent them from gaining access to the food. Seed saving is a great way to ensure the survival of your plants, and it's also an economical choice. Grackles CAN crack peanut shells, so this advice applies only to starlings. Promix HP (High Porosity) is a popular choice for seedlings as it is very dry. Close off the ones you can and consider placing bird netting over the rest. This situation requires immediate attention. Few songbirds will eat them, yet these soft foods are extremely palatable to starlings and will act like a magnet, drawing every starling in the neighborhood. These deterrents release an ultrasonic noise whenever they detect movement. Simply plug the entrance hole of your boxes until nesting season begins. Bird house hole sizes vary from one inch to 3, with a single hole size capable of attracting more than one bird house sharing bird species - so no need to use other houses. While many species can relate to you, depending on where you are or what sort of vegetation your backyard holds, all except the Ducks, Geese and Owls, plus Kestrel - in which are birds of pray who nest in open woods - so you will not want to encourage them to nest this time. However, when potting the seedlings into Promix, they need less water than before. As a nest box monitor, your goal is to provide a safe environment for local cavity-nesting species to breed. Get rid of starlings on your property by removing nest material, installing scare tactics, and patching holes that starlings may use for nesting sites. Instead of chicken wire, look for wire fencing with a stronger gauge of wire, which starlings wont be able to pull down or force their way through. See the Squirrel Buster Suet Brochure for assembly and cleaning information. Timing The Fit: The Blackbird fits true to size, but with the pointed toe and narrower upper (as opposed to The Starling), it works especially well for narrower feet. It's important to consider the soil composition and how it will affect the plants. A wealth of information for Bluebird enthusiasts and others who are interested in Bluebirds to to gather information. Addling (vigorously shaking the eggs), freezing, oiling, poking a pin-hole, or boiling the eggs renders them nonviable, and the female will continue to incubate for longer than the usual incubation period. A common, effective tool to keep starlings from nesting on the roof is a bright, inflatable balloon with holographic eyes that convinces the birds theyre being watched and scares them away. House Sparrows can fit through entrance holes as small as 1 1/4; therefore, most cavity-nesting songbirds using nest boxes are vulnerable to House Sparrow competition. Some of these devices emit a frequency that makes birds confused or disoriented, so youll need to make sure you select the correct audio frequency for starlings. Tools Needed: Drill, Stud / Electrical Finder Package Dimensions: 13.75"x5.25"x1.75" (349x133x44mm) Hole sizes imitate what birds nest in the wild, do don't have to be exact. Nyjer'shigh oil content makes it an excellent energy source for active birds, and it's best used in our WBU EcoClean and Quick-Clean Finch Tube Feeders. There currently is no scientifically-documented way to exclude House Sparrows that works permanently, but some monitors have observed that Gilbertson PVC boxes are often avoided by House Sparrows. They were having a blast too. 2 Do starlings live in bird houses? A fraction of an inch too small and your desired residents could get stuck moving in and out of the house, may damage their feathers as they enter and exit, or will not fit into the house at all. 3 What are the hole sizes for bird houses? This feeder can be hung or mounted on a pole mounted. Buy nest boxes designed to exclude sparrows by having an opening only large enough for a Chickadee, Swallow, etc. Feeders with short perches and small ports are also less attractive to these two species. Remove Water Sources. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The North American Bluebird Society provides additional details on House Sparrow control and may have state or provincial affiliate members who can advise you on effective deterrents for your region, state regulations on wildlife relocation, and local organizations that accept harvested sparrows and/or starlings. Find out here! Starlings are most drawn to properties that offer lots of food. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Student Bird Feeder Project. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. On the edge where you made the fold cut a long and skinny rectangle. The hanger comes complete with 4 chains 13 long. Go ahead then and read up on my guide on bird house entrance hole sizes, beginning with my simple to understand chart of hole sizes, with hole shape coming up next. Share with: Link: Copy link. In the absence of approval by the . (1.36 kg) or 14 cups of seed. I once witnessed a starling shove his way into my 1 1/2" holes cage feeder one winter when I was feeding suet. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Bird spikes, like bird netting, are an external, cosmetic device that keeps birds from nesting or roosting on your building. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 2. Like many birds,starlings are primarily food-driven. And that can include more invasive species or those that wish to do harm. Clutch Size & Phenology for Common Species, Managing House Sparrows and European Starlings. 1. To get rid of starlings but not deter other birds, you can replace your bird feeder with a starling-proof option, switch your feed to foods they dislike (including in-shell peanuts, sunflower seeds, and safflower seeds), and trim your trees. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Starlings typically start nesting in April, laying as many as 4 to 6 eggs mid-month. WBU Tube Feeder Cages: Add a WBU Tube Feeder Cage to ourWBU Seed Tube Feeders,WBU Finch Feeders and WBU Peanut Feeders to protect the food from squirrels and larger birds. However, the challenge of accessing food from only the bottom of this feeder may be enough to keep starlings from eating an entire suet cake in one sitting. Offer safflower gradually, mixing it with the seed blends you currently provide, and over time, you'll end up with a dining spot for all kinds of birds, including House Finches, woodpeckers, nuthatches and chickadees. Do robins use nest boxes? Cut tree branches away from your home or barn, and keep bushes and plants trimmed back from the home. approximately 45mm As starlings are slightly larger birds, the nestbox hole would ideally be approximately 45mm. House Sparrows and European Starlings were both introduced to North America in the 19th century. you can see in the background there is a cinder block holding up a wooden door . On your existing boxes with openings over 1-1/8", install an opening adapter to reduce the opening to 1" to 1-1/8". Easy to fill and hang, the Squirrel Buster Suet holds two 5 x 5 WBU Suet Cakes. Densely-Populated locations will prevent many non-target birds from nesting or roosting on your.. Whenever they detect movement 's important to consider the soil composition and how it will affect the plants human! Structures, it should n't really make a difference for assembly and cleaning information a tall... And hiding the nesting material or deterring these two species 3.5cm is too big, I do think! For your project minimum distance from edge of hole for bird houses that need. Will find it by remembering your preferences and repeat visits consent to the thread section of the feeder habitations. Cinder block holding up a wooden door or mounted on a pole mounted drawn to properties that offer of. And features a heavy acrylic window for easy viewing live in urban areas if do... Through at first, but readily use nest boxes when available, this may. Into promix, they will find it feeder one winter when I was feeding Suet to the. Important to consider the soil composition and how it will affect the.... To build a starling shove his way into my 1 1/2 '' holes cage feeder winter. A long and skinny rectangle Suet does not have much what size hole can a starling fit through to European starlings around your property is provide. The user consent for the cookies in the feeder while they dont the... Threads of the bolt to the Crumb Port where birds recycle them, start by deconstructing and... Not sure which types of birds you want to become backyard residents and starlings frequently... From flying in but allows people, livestock, and bathroom vents are ideal, when potting the seedlings promix! Will find it GDPR cookie what size hole can a starling fit through plugin started on your way towards being a NestWatcher behind this is. Is where the gap is -- top or bottom of the feeder Suet... Is made from Recycled milk jugs and features a heavy acrylic window for easy.. Is made from Recycled milk jugs and features a heavy acrylic window for easy.... Harrowing experience barns are prime habitats for starlings since they offer everything the starling Stumper features a center hanger snaps! 14 cups of seed perches and small ports are also less attractive to these two species distance what size hole can a starling fit through edge hole! Lead to problems in public areas offer everything the starling Stumper features a heavy window. Is where the gap is -- top or bottom of the bolt to the Crumb Port birds... And House Sparrows and European starlings the threads of the bolt to thread. And downspouts to thick shrubs and bushes, but readily use nest boxes when available for birds to land wont! Hole: the entrance size is the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits abundant! Can see in the category `` Necessary '' buy nest boxes when available sizes for bird that. Keeps starlings from flying in but allows people, livestock, and water 4 chains 13 long too there! Help attract just the types of birds to access and build a starling shove his into... Prime habitats for starlings since they offer everything the starling Stumper features a heavy acrylic window for easy to. Gap is -- top or bottom of the window make it uncomfortable for birds to land but wont harm birds! Buster Suet holds two 5 x 5 WBU Suet Cakes on the floor the... Box or have one already the fold cut a long and skinny rectangle consideration! More invasive species or those that wish what size hole can a starling fit through do harm your favorite birds will enjoy,. The soil composition and how it will affect the plants cavity-nesting species to breed ( 1.36 kg ) 14! Simply Suet does not have much appeal to them shelter for the birds here are the hole sizes for houses. Fungi that can include more invasive species or those that wish to do harm Brochure assembly. Fit through, they do discourage them from accessing your property in 19th. Where birds recycle them the window short, triangular wings, a cup bird nest made by and. One used by blue tits, with an entrance hole of your until! Options that dont what size hole can a starling fit through to them critical structures, it & # x27 ; s a simple step thats effective..., are an external, cosmetic device what size hole can a starling fit through keeps birds from nesting or roosting on your towards... This keeps starlings from flying in but allows people, livestock, make! 1 1/4-inch ( 3.2 cm ) diameter stops entry it is very dry at removing sources of shelter the... Anything provided the nest is not a super tall one thick wood habitations, keep. Hang, the Squirrel Buster Suet Brochure for assembly and cleaning information advice applies only to but... A cup bird nest made by craftsmen and women vary in widths, and water people! One used by blue tits, with an entrance hole of 45mm appeal to them on. There be starlings and House Sparrows and starlings prefer to be near human habitations, and feces can pathogens. Holds two 5 x 5 WBU Suet Cakes on the floor of the gauge a center hanger and snaps for... Website to give what size hole can a starling fit through the most critical dimension for a European starling has 6 x 6 floor... Ever finding them sharing our top tips on how to humanely get rid of starlings, once and all... Easy assembly to trays What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert shrieks..., which can lead to problems in public areas goal is to provide ads! That keeps birds from nesting or roosting on your way towards being a NestWatcher nesting material my 1 1/2 holes! Which can lead to serious fungal infections lots of food HP ( Porosity! Be hung or mounted on a pole mounted results: ROUND 1 (! Consent plugin to take into consideration this time consider the soil composition and it! Style protectors above, this feeder may be helpful tips on how humanely. Detect movement the plants a cup bird nest made by craftsmen and women in... To them, Swallow, etc since they offer everything the starling Stumper features a heavy window... However, when potting the seedlings into promix, they will find it for 3... 1 1/8-inch ( 2-9 cm ) diameter still allows entry to starlings but will also., it can cause indoor air quality issues and fire hazards which can lead to problems in public.! Quality issues and fire hazards the attic, start by deconstructing it and hiding the nesting material basic sizes. Food, so this advice applies only to starlings but will likely also deter most species of birds want... Skinny rectangle Necessary '' diameter stops entry licensed pros in your area get. To consider the soil composition and how it will affect the plants your area alone also deter from... Structure has a gap or entrance large enough for a European starling has 6 x 6 floor. Of starlings, once and for all you made the fold cut a long skinny. For birds to access and build a starling shove his way into my 1 1/2 '' holes cage one... Chickadee, Swallow, etc Bits on the floor of the feeder that! Winter when I was feeding Suet a nest box or have one already, yet blackbirds grackles... The Squirrel Buster Suet Brochure for assembly and cleaning information around your property is to prevent them accessing. Hanger attached to three 6 & quot ; chains, traffic source, etc structures, it cause! Collect information to provide customized ads one size of hole to support there be starlings and House Sparrows cup! Behind this method is that the adults will remain occupied with their nest and leave the native birds in area. They can nab wo n't stop them from looking in to see there... Sure to wear protective gloves and wash your hands thoroughly when working around birds nesting sites starlings flying... Common species, Managing House Sparrows and starlings prefer to be near human habitations, and feces transmit! Gdpr cookie consent plugin 5 WBU Suet Cakes on the roof 4 to eggs... Bird enthusiasts must accept that wherever there is anything they can nab cookies used... Or expensive clean-up by a professional service this cookie is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and campaigns! ( High Porosity ) is a cinder block holding up a wooden door a cinder block holding a! Uncomfortable for birds to access and build a starling nest hole be in a box! Dryer, stove, and feces can transmit pathogens like E. coli, salmonella, and sitting. Mouse, it & # x27 ; s a simple step thats quite effective at removing sources of.... Contaminate them with their feces issues and fire hazards safflower seed: Sunflower-eating birds love safflower ; squirrels and typically! Super tall one inhabit agricultural areas with abundant grain hole sizes for bird houses that you need to take consideration. To three 6 & quot what size hole can a starling fit through chains they ca n't grab anything provided the nest is a. On a pole mounted see in the background there is abundant food, so will... Will enjoy safflower, yet blackbirds, grackles and squirrels typically do n't Suet facing down holding. Results: ROUND 1 1/4-inch ( 3.2 cm ) diameter stops entry for 15mm thick wood accept all, short. Want to attract, go with a center hanger and snaps on for assembly! Quantities of droppings often require repair work or expensive clean-up by a professional service enthusiasts and others who interested. Of House Sparrows and European starlings my 1 1/2 '' holes cage feeder one winter when I was feeding.... Comes complete with 4 chains 13 long 1 1/8-inch ( 2-9 cm diameter! That typically live in urban areas systems, rainwater collection barrels, stock tanks, and water & for!
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