D)started getting paid by planters. They further agreed to give up their nomadic life, which often brought them into conflict with other tribes in the region, with settlers, and with railroad surveys. A? For millions of viewers throughout the country, the unforgettable images provided a vivid contrast between the angry forces of white supremacy and the quiet, dignified resistance of African American students. While in a grocery store, he allegedly whistled and made a flirtatious remark to the white woman behind the counter, violating the strict racial codes of the Jim Crow South. All Rights Reserved. US Representative Shirley Chisholm of Brooklyn announces her entry for Democratic nomination for the presidency, at the Concord Baptist Church in Brooklyn, New York on January 25, 1972. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. They continued to work long hours for low pay. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? Turner escaped and spent six weeks on the run before he was captured, tried and hanged. Also known as African American History Month, the event grew out of Negro History Week, the brainchild of noted historian Carter G. read more, From the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., to the 2008 election of Barack Obama, to widespread global protests declaring Black Lives Matter in 2020, African American history in the United States has been filled with both triumph and strife. In 1926, a controversial bestseller about Harlem life by the white novelist Carl von Vechten exemplified the attitude of many white urban sophisticates, who looked to Black culture as a window into a more primitive and vital way of life. . Kings assassination, along with the killing of Malcolm X three years earlier, radicalized many moderate African American activists, fueling the growth of the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. In the lead-up to the read more, Black History Month is an annual celebration of achievements by African Americans and a time for recognizing their central role in U.S. history. Why did miners in the West create groups of vigilantes? One of the most prominent abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, was cautiously optimistic, however, wisely predicting that"This very attempt to blot out forever the hopes of an enslaved people may be one necessary link in the chain of events preparatory to the complete overthrow of the whole slave system.. He was reelected in 2012. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. Which idea does this passage express? On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its verdict in Brown v. Board of Education, ruling unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amendments mandate of equal protection of the laws of the U.S. Constitution to any person within its jurisdiction. He was a leading voice for Black Americans during the early 1980s, urging them to be more politically active and heading up a voter registration drive that led to the election of Harold Washington as the first Black mayor of Chicago in 1983. Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. C.in the border states of maryland missouri Kentucky and West Virginia The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. The practice of collective bargaining became more common. ABC. The railroads provided jobs for settlers. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. That year, John F. Kennedy made passage of new civil rights legislation part of his presidential campaign platform; he won more than 70 percent of the African American vote. The law did not give African Americans equal protection. Suddenly, there was no lack of educated, upwardly mobile, family-oriented Black characters for TV viewers to look to, both in fiction and in life. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. About 90 participants in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, including King, were indicted under a law forbidding conspiracy to obstruct the operation of a business. Charismatic and eloquent, Malcolm X soon became an influential leader of the NOI, which combined Islam with Black nationalism and sought to encourage disadvantaged young Black people searching for confidence in segregated America. A - I don't know Their growing influence greatly dismayed many white southerners, who felt control slipping ever further away from them. 1. . In September 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Merediths favor, but state officials including Governor Ross Barnett vowed to block his admission. While much of the South rejoiced, seeing the verdict as a clear victory, antislavery northerners were furious. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). Along with the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, the Voting Rights Act was one of the most expansive pieces of civil rights legislation in American history, and it greatly reduced the disparity between Black and white voters in the U.S. During the 1830s, the owner of an enslaved man named Dred Scott had taken him from the slave state of Missouri to the Wisconsin territory and Illinois, where slavery was outlawed, according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Milamdragged Till from his great uncles house in the middle of the night. What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? Floyds killing came on the heels of two other high-profile cases in 2020. C) In the, states could limit voting rights in elections more African Americans could go to school segregation kept the races apart or separate sharecropping helped poor blacks own land, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. In January 2021, Kamala Harris became the first woman and first woman of color to become vice president of the United States. The New York Times.Timeline of Murder Trial of Amber Guyger. The southern economy was largely based on agriculture, Predict which of the following policies might have made the Dawes act more successful, Giving Native Americans land that would be useful for farming. When Meredith arrived at Ole Miss under the protection of federal forces including U.S. marshals, a mob of more than 2,000 people formed on the Oxford, Mississippi campus. The ILGWU became a key member of the AFL. (waits, wait). (She starred in both.) Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? b. B.joyful Bush. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts. A? In his 1903 book Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois spoke strongly against Washingtons advocacy of industrial education, which he saw as too narrow and economically focused, and stressed the importance of higher education for African Americans. By the mid 1970s, many universities were seeking to increase the presence of minority and female faculty and students on their campuses. Children and members of the Black Panthers give the Black Power salute outside of their "liberation school" in San Francisco, California in 1969. rising demand for buffalo robes in the 1840s. The King case was eventually tried in the suburb of Simi Valley, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty. B.in the entire US Custer found Sitting Bull encamped [based] on the Little Bighorn River in Montana. Clashes ensued between the Panthers and police in California, New York and Chicago, and in 1967 Newton was convicted of voluntary manslaughter after killing a police officer. Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? which policies might have made the Dawes Act more successful? Bound for New Orleans, the freedom riders were attacked by angry segregationists outside of Anniston, Alabama, and one bus was even firebombed. B.Gettysburg What role did both men and women among Plains Indians share? Only a few southern states have been readmitted to the Union. Though he continued to brush off any speculation of a possible future presidential run, Powell made headlines during the 2008 presidential campaign when he broke from the Republican party to endorse Barack Obama, the eventual winner and the first African American to be elected president of the United States. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? I meant B for #1. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. . The fate of enslaved people in the United States would divide the nation during the Civil War. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? Du Bois, became a leading voice in the growing Black protest movement during the first half of the 20th century. to the end [result] that oppression, injustice, and poverty shall eventually cease in the land. Over the next years, however, there was little decrease in housing segregation, and violence arose from Black efforts to seek housing in white neighborhoods. Plessy vs. Ferguson stood as the overriding judicial precedent in civil rights cases until 1954, when it was reversed by the Courts verdict in Brown v. Board of Education. What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? The little children are freezing to death. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. The Southern economy was largely based on agriculture. Our greatest trouble has always been caused by extremists who, without shadow of authority, attempted to voice the sentiments of this Order; and from this day forward I am determined that no sniveling anarchist will speak for me, and if he attempts it under shadow of this organization, then he or I must leave the Order, for I will not attempt to guide the affairs of a society that is so lacking in manhood as to allow the very worst element of the community to make use of the prestige it has gained to promote the vilest of schemes against society. Later that year, Governor George Wallace blocked the enrollment of a Black student at the University of Alabama, pledging to stand in the schoolhouse door. Though Wallace was eventually forced by the federalized National Guard to integrate the university, he became a prominent symbol of the ongoing resistance to desegregation nearly a decade after Brown v. Board of Education. What workers' issue most prompted protest in this era? Cities in the East and West increased in population. First established in Chicago, the NAACP had expanded to more than 400 locations by 1921. A)boarded trains for the West. What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? The ILGWU was notable because it was. After King allegedly resisted arrest and threatened them, four LAPD officers shot him with a TASER gun and severely beat him. In June 1905, a group led by the prominent Black educator W.E.B. 4.The Union victory at Antietam allowed Lincoln a position ins trength. Other African American leaders, notably W.E.B. You can ask a new question or browse more History questions. Don Hogan Charles/New York Times Co./Getty Images. Kings improvised sermon continued for nine minutes after the end of his prepared remarks, and his stirring words would be remembered as undoubtedly one of the greatest speeches in American history. How did the transcontinental railroads impact the West? The next year, two of the four LAPD officers involved in the beating were retried and convicted in a federal court for violating Kings civil rights; he eventually received $3.8 million from the city in a settlement. As its members faced increased violence, SNCC became more militant, and by the late 1960s it was advocating the Black Power philosophy of Stokely Carmichael (SNCCs chairman from 196667) and his successor, H. Rap Brown. How is Judith Templeton depicted? working to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. As the 19th century came to an end and segregation took ever stronger hold in the South, many African Americans saw self-improvement, especially through education, as the single greatest opportunity to escape the indignities they suffered. His play caught the attention of Branch Rickey, general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had been considering bringing an end to segregation in baseball. In Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus made resistance to desegregation a central part of his successful 1956 reelection campaign. -Terence Powderly, President of the Knights of Labor Which Reconstruction-era political group came from the North to the South to influence politics? The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. His trial brought national attention to the organization, which at its peak in the late 1960s boasted some 2,000 members. At its conclusion, King quoted an old Negro spiritual: Free at last! What was one effect of the Haymarket Riot? Though she failed to win a primary, Chisholm received more than 150 votes at the Democratic National Convention. By the early 1970s, SNCC was effectively disbanded. States could require separate facilities for African Americans as long as the facilities were equal. On March 7, 600 marchers got as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge outside Selma when they were attacked by state troopers wielding whips, nightsticks and tear gas. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? B.his second inaugural Address Many scholars consider it as two waves, between 1916 and 1930, and from 1940 . Let Your People Speak The wars first African American hero emerged from the attack on Pearl Harbor, when Dorie Miller, a young Navy steward on the U.S.S. How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? Ferguson shooting victim Michael Brown. While in jail, King wrote a letter to local white ministers justifying his decision not to call off the demonstrations in the face of continued bloodshed at the hands of local law enforcement officials, led by Birminghams police commissioner, Eugene Bull Connor. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. What caused many boomtowns to turn into ghost towns? Harris' election represented another advance in the slow but steady progress Black Americans have made in recent decades in gaining a greater foothold in political leadership, particularly in the U.S. House of Representatives and in the Cabinets of recent presidents. King himself led another attempt on March 9, but turned the marchers around when state troopers again blocked the road; that night, a group of segregationists fatally beat a protester, the young white minister James Reeb. Political group came why might recent events have led to many african american working for ranchers the North to the meat packing industry change food ranching... Arrest and threatened them, four LAPD officers shot him with a TASER gun and beat! Two waves, between 1916 and 1930, and in April 1992 a jury found the officers not guilty Union! 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