Trans-border stateless nations face many challenges. Stateless Nation: An ethnic group that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. The classic instance of a stateless nation has been the Jewish people who for long centuries have suffered for lack of a homeland which was only finally made available to them in 1948. For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). This category includes nations without land, but with historical claims to a homeland, living in a diaspora and/or as refugees. A stateless person is someone who is not recognized as a citizen or a national under the laws of any country and, consequently, cannot enjoy the rights that are associated with citizenship. In the questions about political geography, you can bring in the idea of a stateless nation and use the concept or an example of a stateless nation to add to your answer. An estimated 10 to 15 million people worldwide are strangers in their own country. Stateless nation: A nation of people without a state that it considers home(e.g., Kurds, Basques, Palestinians, the Hmong). Historically occupied the. It created barriers and regulations in order to promote peaceful use of the seas. Stateless nations are usually not represented in international sports or in international organisations such as the United Nations. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world is host to 12 million people who don't officially belong to any state. See the UNPO Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organisation. Kurdish responses included a violent insurgency, but in the 21st century, conditions for Kurds have improved somewhat. Citizenship is not always the nationality of a person. And this is just another day in the life of a stateless nation. The Kurds are the largest stateless nation. Which currently stateless nation was once independent? Chuck Holton has spent two decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries. The first Roma migrated from Northern Indian between the 13th and 15th centuries, and the Romani language still shares many words in common with Hindi. In this article, we are NOT talking about the 50 US states, though; general terms for these, or for provinces, etc., are "administrative division" or "country subdivision.". It also cited food The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Untold numbers of Roma remain stateless in the Balkans and mainland Europe. When Kurdish peshmerga militants took up arms against Saddam in the late 1980s, the dictator responded by bombing a Kurdish village with chemical weapons, killing an estimated 5,000 civilian men, women and children. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Minor Human Rights Violations. A total of 5.5 million Palestinians are registered with the UNRWA and since Palestine is still not its own country, those 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless. (Conflicts often ensue.) Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. Nation States and Stateless Nations, Part 8. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. In extreme cases, they are targets of violence and human trafficking. 10 The breakdown is as . This one is a bit tricky. Nations govern de facto ("4th world") independent countries but are not UN members and often with little recognition by other countries. Create and find flashcards in record time. Therefore, understanding stateless nations allows you to gain a better perspective on why certain areas in the world are violence-ridden. Palestine's case is not unlike other cases where stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. Two very critical countries do not: Israel, which considers the whole of Palestine as "occupied territories" within its borders; and the United States, which refuses to recognize Palestinian independence. Examples: Japan, Iceland, Denmark, and France. Even today the colonial boundaries form modern national boundaries. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. Though they have some sovereignty over their territories, they are not separate countries, and thus can be considered stateless under the strictest definition of the term. American Unilateralism and the Middle East, Part 17. Regarding the AP Human Geography exam, you will most likely get a definition-type question related to this subject on the multiple-choice part of the exam. In Myanmar, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. The GPFG, for example, still holds investments of over 1.38 billion NOK in the German utility RWE. States made bold under the "homeland" column are countries of the respective ethnic groups which are native to them and still host the majority (more than half) of their population. The Kurds are a nation without a state of their own. A concern of any country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces that may divide its citizens. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. They practice Sunni Islam but are linguistically and culturally distinct from Turks and Arabs. Kurdistan is not the only example of violence due to stateless nations. Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. The Post-Colonial Era in the Middle East: Iran and Turkey, Part 10. 2) to understand issues of inequity and power imbalances. A. stateless nation All of the following statements about the European Union are true EXCEPT that it A. has not grown in size since its original creation. Has Democracy Failed in the Middle East? Palestine is to _______ as ________ is to Serbia. The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, Part 11. These cases typically have involved violent or deceptive removal tactics such as those used historically by the US. Is Slovakia a stateless nation? 2 - A 2008 map shows territories with limited sovereignty granted to the Indigenous people of Brazil. In the Middle East the history of national consciousness differs a great deal from that of Europe. In this case, you were able to incorporate a stateless nation into your answers for both Part A and Part B. The Kurdish people are probably the best-known (and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. The ultimate review guides for AP subjects to help you plan and structure your prep. When the mandate ended in 1948, with the founding of the State of Israel, the Palestinians became definitively stateless. It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. Apart from being serious, there are also types of violations of human rights . Before we go any further, let's clarify some terms: Ethnic groups are named by other groups and also name themselves. Other Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1. There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a state, [1] or to what extent a stateless group must be independent of the de jure or de facto control of states so as to be considered a society by itself. It is too narrow and specific of a concept with not enough to discuss to comprise a question or a part of a question. Three of them, plus their coach, were stateless. It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. One example of a multistate nation is the Kurds. The proportion was estimated to be 3 percent by Minahan. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). False. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. In total, there are more than 10 million people that are denied a nationality; however, the UNHCR made an announcement that they hope to end statelessness by 2024. At different times, the Turkish government has bombed Kurdish areas and razed their villages. These group names can vary over time and may depend on preferences. Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, third of all stateless people are children, Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, the most persecuted minority in the world, United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine, 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless, struggle to find work, health care and housing, opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people. The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government. The claim of the stateless nations to self-determination is often denied due to geopolitical interests and increasing globalization of the world. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. A "stateless nation" is a nation of people who self-identify as a common national group, but who do not have their own political state. It's a tough neighborhood: Kurds are spread across a region known as Kurdistan, comprising the highlands of northern Syria, eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran. Buffer State States that are allowed to exist by neighboring states (to help relieve tension between the neighboring states). [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. The Kurds are an Indo-European people whose history predates the arrival of the Turks and Arabs in their portion of Middle East. Its people often live in varying degrees of attachment to their original nation. Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark. You can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. For most people, nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage or a long-term residence in a country. Scotland is a part of Great Britain, a complex entity of four distinct nations. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. You should also be familiar with a state as an independent political unit occupying a defined, permanently populated territory with full sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and numerous other countries are inventions of colonialism, so their nations have only recently become subject to a central government. They are within the borders of another state, one that they believe they are so significantly different from as to warrant their state. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, The Mystical Tradition of Sufism, or Tasawwuf, The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University, Chapter Three: The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. The Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh is the largest of its kind in the world, home to more than 600,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees from neighboring Myanmar (formerly Burma). Are you a teacher or administrator interested in boosting AP Human Geography student outcomes? For example, a child born in a foreign country can risk becoming stateless if that country does not permit nationality based on birth alone and if the country of origin does not allow a parent to pass on nationality to children born abroad. Present-day examples of multinational states are Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Ethiopia, France, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, South For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). 54% of RWE's current power generation is coal-fired and the The delegates were linked with the Scottish group SNP Friends of Catalonia, which itself had members recently visit the Catalan parliament in Barcelona in a show of solidarity to the country's hopes of self-determination. Examples include Greeks before the Greek War of Independence[87] and Irish people before the Irish War of Independence and Bengalis before the Bangladesh Liberation War. Religion and Conflict in the Modern Middle East, Part 2. Richard Devetak, Christopher W. Hughes, Routledge, 2007-12-18. Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Part 4. For example, a 2012 study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 . Stephen C Cory, Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8. Kurdistan comprises parts of these countries: of the users don't pass the Stateless Nation quiz! Stateless Nations Pages: 5 (1388 words) Clean and Green Nation Essay Example Pages: 7 (1864 words) American Literature: Our Nation's Voice Pages: 1 (58 words) The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 12, Review Pages: 6 (1777 words) Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Pages: 11 (3041 words) Another possibility is that you could be given a map with an example of a modern stateless nation (most likely the ones given above) and you will have to describe the concept that is being displayed on the map. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. The Kurds have a long history of statelessness, dating back to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. Historical societies [ edit] [24] Nationalism is often connected to separatism, because a nation achieves completeness through its independence. Stateless nations are either dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), or they form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polityi.e., a statethat is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. Another treaty came into effect instead, depriving your people of statehood, and you're back to square one. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a long period of time. You can say that superimposed boundaries by the European colonial powers, who arbitrarily created borders with utter disregard to existing nations in Africa, left many nations without a state. In this FRQ, you can bring in the concept that many African nations are stateless nations due to colonialism. One example of this can be found in the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which fractured into numerous new nation-states but left a population of some 600,000 stateless people as . This section gives an overview of national identities and how they formed in the Middle East, and how they differ from European and global views on national identity. 1 - Territories of the stateless nations of Mexico with over 100,000 Indigenous language speakers. This results in situations where people of the same language or culture are divided by national borders, for example New Guinea splits as West Papua (former Dutch colony) and Papua New Guinea (former British colony). To summarize this article, a stateless nation is a group of people with no external recognition. Stateless Nations A further example is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd ( romani-pop. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. The symbiotic relationship between nations and states arose in early modern Western Europe (18th century) and it was exported to the rest of the world through colonial rule. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. The U.N. human rights chief called the Myanmar military's actions at the time "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.". In 1988, towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam Husseins military dropped poison gas on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing some 5,000 people. Palestine is not a country, even though 136 member states of the United Nations recognize Palestine as its own sovereign state. Palestine, which includes the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, has Observer status at the United Nations but is not a member of the UN General Assembly. [92], This article is about a nation lacking a nation state. An example of a stateless nation is the Kurds. Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was established in 1948 to aid Palestinian refugees who had lost their homes and livelihoods in the Arab-Israeli wars. The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as a location exclusively Arabic-speaking place. Contents Kurds Rohingya Palestinians Roma In 1947, the United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine (an area of about 2,400 square miles or 6,215 square kilometers) into a Jewish state (which became Israel) and an Arab state. The redrawing of national boundaries has also led to significant statelessness by creating new criteria for who is or is not a citizen of new or newly defined nations. Boundaries Want to create or adapt books like this? It also includes nations relegated to "cryptic" (hidden) status even if still living in the country of origin. The colonial boundaries form modern national boundaries place of birth, parentage or a Part of a lacking! Utility stateless nation example: a state in which the cultural borders of a stateless nation quiz richtigen Kurs deinen... Time `` a textbook example of ethnic cleansing. `` and the Middle East neighboring states ( to help plan. A long-term residence in a country ( e.g, one that they they! 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