[10] According to some scholars, the Germanic stem can be reconstructed as *skaðan- and meaning "danger" or "damage". Denmark–Norway as a historiographical name refers to the former political union consisting of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including the Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Rome2rio makes travelling from Norway to Denmark easy. Sweden left the union in 1523 under King Gustav Vasa. Though Pietism did not last for a substantial time, numerous new small pietistic resurrections occurred over the next 200 years. In the end, Pietism was never firmly established as a lasting religious grouping. The main cities of Denmark–Norway were Copenhagen, Christiania (Oslo), Altona, Bergen and Trondheim, and the primary official languages were Danish and German, but Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, Sami and Greenlandic were also spoken locally.[5][6]. Denmark–Norway was defeated and had to cede the Kingdom of Norway to the King of Sweden at the Treaty of Kiel. [72] There is a generous welfare system in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. In the aftermath of Sweden's secession from the Kalmar Union, civil war broke out in Denmark and Norway—the Protestant Reformation followed. Description: This map shows governmental boundaries of countries, capitals, cities, towns, railroads and airports in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. [8] The coldest month was February 1985 in Vittangi (Sweden) with a mean of −27.2 °C.[8]. The last settlements it had control over were sold to the United Kingdom in 1845. Goffart, Walter (2005), "Jordanes’s Getica and the disputed authenticity of Gothic origins from Scandinavia". The words Scandinavia and Scania (Skåne, the southernmost province of Sweden) are both thought to go back to the Proto-Germanic compound *Skaðin-awjō (the ð represented in Latin by t or d), which appears later in Old English as Scedenig and in Old Norse as Skáney. It is adopted from the Oldenburg dynasty's official title. Scandia thus does not appear to be denoting the island Scadinavia in Pliny's text. Visits to them for the most part focus on the capital cities, experiencing the sophisticated city life, the excellent shopping and dining opportunities and the rich history and culture on offer. The Global Fund praises Denmark, Norway and Sweden for allocating a total US$45 million to the Global Fund’s efforts to support low- and middle-income countries to fight COVID-19. [11] Skanör in Scania, with its long Falsterbo reef, has the same stem (skan) combined with -ör, which means "sandbanks". Rules are changing all the time, so check the latest on the popular travel destinations of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland below. (Redirected from John I. - Text in deutsch, englisch und französisch. [53] The populations of the Scandinavian countries, with common Scandinavian roots in language, can—at least with some training—understand each other's standard languages as they appear in print and are heard on radio and television. The Scandinavian Mountains block the mild and moist air coming from the southwest, thus northern Sweden and the Finnmarksvidda plateau in Norway receive little precipitation and have cold winters. ", Strand, Robert, R. Edward Freeman, and Kai Hockerts. After seven years of fighting, the conflict concluded in 1570 with a status quo ante bellum. Denmark was poorly prepared for the war, and Norway was reluctant to attack Sweden, which left the Swedes in a good position. The union was dissolved in 1905. Norway also wanted to leave the union in 1536, but was unable to do so due to Denmark's superior military might. A few of the suggestions for overnighting are outdated (places no longer exist etc.). In 1643 the Swedish Privy Council determined that the chances of a gain in territory for Sweden in an eventual war against Denmark–Norway would be good. Olwig, Kenneth R. "Introduction: The Nature of Cultural Heritage, and the Culture of Natural Heritage—Northern Perspectives on a Contested Patrimony". The latter option was quickly discarded, and a power-struggle ensued between the supporters of Christian of Denmark and Charles of Sweden. After a visit to Sweden, Andersen became a supporter of early political Scandinavism. "Taxation and market work: is Scandinavia an outlier?. There live the Hilleviones. However, Christian V saw an opportunity when Sweden got involved in the Franco-Dutch War, and after some hesitation Denmark–Norway invaded Sweden in 1675. [39][40][41], There is also the geological term Fennoscandia (sometimes Fennoscandinavia), which in technical use refers to the Fennoscandian Shield (or Baltic Shield), that is the Scandinavian peninsula (Norway and Sweden), Finland and Karelia (excluding Denmark and other parts of the wider Nordic world). Norway also wanted to leave the union in 1536, but was unable to do so due to Denmark's superior military might.[8]. Southwesterly winds further warmed by foehn wind can give warm temperatures in narrow Norwegian fjords in winter. Sweden saw an opportunity of a change of power in the region. The term "Kingdom of Denmark" is sometimes used to include both countries in the period, since the political and economic power emanated from the Danish capital, Copenhagen. Norway's overseas possessions were kept by Denmark. Christian Frederik formally abdicated on 10 August 1814 and returned to Denmark. So when in Denmark, I always withdraw cash from an ATM. A small minority of Scandinavians are Sami people, concentrated in the extreme north of Scandinavia. This allowed Norway to further secure itself militarily for the future through closer ties with the capital Copenhagen. The name Scandinavia would then mean "dangerous island", which is considered to refer to the treacherous sandbanks surrounding Scania. He also founded the Danish East India Company which led to the establishment of numerous Danish colonies in India. The climate varies from north to south and from west to east: a marine west coast climate (Cfb) typical of western Europe dominates in Denmark, southernmost part of Sweden and along the west coast of Norway reaching north to 65°N, with orographic lift giving more mm/year precipitation (<5000 mm) in some areas in western Norway. According to one scholar, Scandinavian people share particular genetic markers with the Basque people. Historians have also pointed out that Norway was a separate state, with its own army, legal system and other institutions, with significant autonomy in its internal affairs, and that it was primarily governed by a local elite of civil servants who identified as Norwegian, albeit in the name of the Danish King. Los-Details Geographische Herkunft Skandinavien und Deutschland Zusammenstellung og … ], The Latin names in Pliny's text gave rise to different forms in medieval Germanic texts. [46], Thus, Scandinavians always include Scandinavian-speaking Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes (and, earlier, speakers of the North Germanic languages). [19] Frankish sources used Sconaowe and Aethelweard, an Anglo-Saxon historian, used Scani. The end of the Scandinavian political movement came when Denmark was denied the military support promised from Sweden and Norway to annex the (Danish) Duchy of Schleswig, which together with the (German) Duchy of Holstein had been in personal union with Denmark. Weitere Informationen zu diesem Verkäufer | Verkäufer kontaktieren 25. good. [27], However, in English usage, the term Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym or near-synonym for Nordic countries. The 1660 Treaty of Copenhagen forced Sweden to return Bornholm and Trøndelag to Denmark–Norway, and to give up its recent claims to the island Funen. According to Pliny, the "clarissima" ("most famous") of the region's islands is Scatinavia, of unknown size. [citation needed]. Tri-lingual edition. There was however one other religious "reformation" in the kingdom during the rule of Christian VI, a follower of Pietism. The Scandinavian languages are (as a language family) unrelated to Finnish, Estonian and Sami languages, which as Uralic languages are distantly related to Hungarian. The central part – from Oslo to Stockholm – has a humid continental climate (Dfb), which gradually gives way to subarctic climate (Dfc) further north and cool marine west coast climate (Cfc) along the northwestern coast. The Dano-Norwegian union lasted until 1814,[citation needed] when the Treaty of Kiel decreed that Norway (except for the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland) be ceded to Sweden. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Formation and Resolution of Ideological Contrast in the Early History of Scandinavia, An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami, Danish Institute for International Studies, "Official Site of Scandinavian Tourist Board of North America", "Introduction: Reflections on Political Thought in Finland. This war resulted in Finland (formerly the eastern third of Sweden) becoming the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809 and Norway (de jure in union with Denmark since 1387, although de facto treated as a province) becoming independent in 1814, but thereafter swiftly forced to accept a personal union with Sweden. Sweden broke out of this union and re-entered it several times, until 1521, when Sweden finally left the Union, leaving Denmark–Norway (including overseas possessions in the North Atlantic and the island of Saaremaa in modern Estonia). [70], In the east, Finland was a fully incorporated part of Sweden from medieval times until the Napoleonic wars, when it was ceded to Russia. [63] Consonant gradation is a feature in both Finnish and northern Sami dialects, but it is not present in south Sami, which is considered to have a different language history. The term was popularised by the linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement, which asserted the common heritage and cultural unity of the Scandinavian countries and rose to prominence in the 1830s. [43][44][45] However, the noun Scandinavian is frequently used as a synonym for speakers of Scandinavian languages (languages descended from Old Norse). The great ransom paid by Sweden (called the Älvsborg Ransom) was used by Christian IV, among many other things, to found the cities of Glückstadt, Christiania (refounded after a fire), Christianshave, Christianstad and Christianssand. Discover glittering fjords, Viking ships, and cool, contemporary cities. The corresponding adjective and demonym is Dano-Norwegian. Denmark and King Christian IV of Denmark protested against the Swedish actions, as they had no intentions of letting another independent trade route open, Christian IV also had an intent of forcing Sweden to rejoin its union with Denmark. The Swedish king also proposed a unification of Denmark, Norway and Sweden into a single united kingdom. Jónsson, Jóhannes Gísli and Thórhallur Eythórsson (2004). 23.04.2014 - Erkunde Franks Pinnwand „Roadtrip 2014 Denmark Norway Sweden“ auf Pinterest. The economies of the countries of Scandinavia are amongst the strongest in Europe. Because of Denmark–Norway's dominion over the Baltic Sea (dominium maris baltici) and the North Sea, Sweden had the intention of avoiding paying Denmark's Sound Toll. This causes Faroese people as well as Icelandic people to become bilingual in two very distinct North Germanic languages, making it relatively easy for them to understand the other two Mainland Scandinavian languages. [citation needed], In usages based on geographical definitions (inhabitants of Continental Scandinavia), Scandinavians include Sami people and, depending on how broad an understanding of Scandinavia is being used, Finns and Inuit. These three countries make up Scandinavia, a region in Northern Europe that you can visit in one incredible trip. These changes were confirmed in the Lex Regia signed on 14 November 1665, stipulating that all power lay in the hands of the king, who was only responsible to God.[10]. [75] The cooperation was introduced for the Asian market in 1986, when the Swedish national tourist board joined the Danish national tourist board to coordinate intergovernmental promotion of the two countries. Icelandic Nationalism: A Non-Violent Paradigm? [6] A small area along the northern coast east of the North Cape has tundra climate (Et) as a result of a lack of summer warmth. [32], Two language groups have coexisted on the Scandinavian peninsula since prehistory—the North Germanic languages (Scandinavian languages) and the Sami languages.[47]. All five Nordic governments participate in the joint promotional efforts in the United States through the Scandinavian Tourist Board of North America. The modern division is based on the degree of mutual comprehensibility between the languages in the two branches. During Danish rule, Norway kept its separate laws, coinage and army as well as some institutions such as a royal chancellor. Since June, Finland and Norway have had less restrictive government policies than Sweden, and both nations have endured the coronavirus remarkably well. Rome2rio makes travelling from Denmark to Norway easy. Verwandte Inhalte: Was verspeiste der Franzose Michel Lotito? Cons: Sweden and Norway are huge, and the book only covers selected areas. The term Scandinavia in local usage covers the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Denmark–Norway maintained numerous colonies from the 17th to 19th centuries over various parts around India. The outbreak of the Northern Seven Years' War in 1563 is mainly attributed[by whom?] The suggestions are very very very short (a sentence or two) and that can be too reductive, you need a lot of research online to fill up the gaps. This included Norwegian province of Trøndelag and Båhuslen, all remaining Danish provinces on the Swedish mainland, and the island of Bornholm. "Penal policy in Scandinavia. Apart from Sami and the languages of minority groups speaking a variant of the majority language of a neighboring state, the following minority languages in Scandinavia are protected under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Yiddish, Romani Chib/Romanes and Romani. "The Swedish language in education in Finland", "Southern Perspectives on the North: Legends, Stereotypes, Images and Models", About The American-Scandinavian Foundation, The Scandinavian Tourist Board of North America, "Scandinavia: Official Website of the Scandinavian Tourist Boards in North America", List of countries where Arabic is an official language, Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scandinavia&oldid=1000777979, Articles containing Icelandic-language text, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Articles containing Faroese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [76], This article is about Scandinavia as a cultural-linguistic region. Norway thereafter entered into a much looser personal union with Sweden as one of two equal kingdoms until 1905, when the union was dissolved and both kingdoms became independent. From the 17th century, the kingdoms acquired colonies in Africa, the Caribbean and India. Finnish speakers constitute a language minority in Sweden and Norway. The treaty however, was not recognised by Norway, which successfully resisted the attempt in the 1814 Swedish–Norwegian War. I am danish and have lived in Sweden for five years. These terms cover the "royal territories" of the Oldenburgs as it was in 1460, excluding the "ducal territories" of Schleswig and Holstein. Norwegians are accustomed to variation and may perceive Danish and Swedish only as slightly more distant dialects. Followed by denmark.. Norway should come third.. The majority of the population of Scandinavia (including Iceland and the Faroe Islands) today derive their language from several North Germanic tribes who once inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse and from Old Norse into Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic. The borders between the three countries got the shape they have had since in the middle of the seventeenth century: In the 1645 Treaty of Brömsebro, Denmark–Norway ceded the Norwegian provinces of Jämtland, Härjedalen and Idre and Särna, as well as the Baltic Sea islands of Gotland and Ösel (in Estonia) to Sweden. Gebunden, Format 23 x 27 cm, 226 Seiten mit zahlreichen, z.T. However, widespread Norwegian resistance to the prospect of a union with Sweden induced the governor of Norway, crown prince Christian Frederick (later Christian VIII of Denmark), to call a constituent assembly at Eidsvoll in April 1814. Østergård, Uffe (1997). [65] The animal grazes, has a big upper lip and some mythical attributes. GENEVA – The Global Fund praises Denmark, Norway and Sweden for allocating a total US$45 million to the Global Fund’s efforts to support low- and middle-income countries to fight COVID-19. Danish was not used for official communications, most of the royal officials were of Icelandic descent and the language of the church and law courts remained Icelandic.[58]. The Scandinavian Monetary Union, established in 1873, lasted until World War I. Many of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate. Finland's majority population are Finns, whose mother tongue is either Finnish (approximately 95%), Swedish or both. Mikkelsen, Flemming, Knut Kjeldstadli, and Stefan Nyzell, eds. Lutheran Protestantism prevailed through most of the union's life span. In Jordanes' history of the Goths (AD 551), the form Scandza is the name used for their original home, separated by sea from the land of Europe (chapter 1, 4). : 3807732405. Denmark, Norway and Sweden respectively pledged DKK 25 million, NOK 285.2 million and SEK 100 million. Centralisation was supported in many parts of Norway, where the two-year attempt by Sweden to control Trøndelag had met strong local resistance and resulted in a complete failure for the Swedes and a devastation of the province. "Local government in Scandinavia: autonomous or integrated into the welfare state?." Norway kept its separate laws and some institutions, such as a royal chancellor, and separate coinage and army. The people of Stockholm, Sweden and Copenhagen, Denmark have the greatest difficulty in understanding other Scandinavian languages. The kings always used the style "King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths" (Konge til Danmark og Norge, de Venders og Gothers). The belief that Scandinavia was an island became widespread among classical authors during the first century and dominated descriptions of Scandinavia in classical texts during the centuries that followed. Following a Swedish invasion, Norway was forced to accept a personal union between Sweden and Norway, but retained its liberal constitution and separate institutions, except for the foreign service. Not long after this, Sweden invaded Denmark–Norway. Weitere Ideen zu finnland, skandinavien, reisen. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1971. The name Scandia, later used as a synonym for Scandinavia, also appears in Pliny's Naturalis Historia (Natural History), but is used for a group of Northern European islands which he locates north of Britannia. ", "Variation in subject case marking in Insular Scandinavian", Faroese and Norwegians best at understanding Nordic neighbours. The Swedish-speakers live mainly on the coastline starting from approximately the city of Porvoo (in the Gulf of Finland) up to the city of Kokkola (in the Bay of Bothnia). The influence of Scandinavism as a Scandinavist political movement peaked in the middle of the nineteenth century, between the First Schleswig War (1848–1850) and the Second Schleswig War (1864). "Ptolemy's Skandia". [7] The coldest temperature ever recorded is −52.6 °C in Vuoggatjålme, Arjeplog (Sweden). Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, with Excursions to Iceland and Spitzbergen, Handbook for Travellers [2 volumes Eighth and Ninth Editions, 1903 and 1909] [nach diesem Titel suchen] Published by the author 1903 and 1909, Liepzig, 1903. The gorgeous Stockholm in Sweden (Image: Michelle Maria/Wikimedia Commons) Sweden is currently exempt from the government's advice against all but essential foreign travel due to an assessment of the Covid-19 risks there. Denmark - Sweden - Norway. Sweden has many lakes and moraines, legacies of the ice age, which ended about ten millennia ago. Tafjord has recorded 17.9 °C in January and Sunndal 18.9 °C in February. Meanwhile, Sweden had on 20 June 1448 elected Charles (VIII) as king of Sweden. Despite many wars over the years since the formation of the three kingdoms, Scandinavia has been politically and culturally close. In response Erik XIV of Sweden (reigned 1560–1568) added the insignia of Norway and Denmark to his own coat of arms. Even after 1660, Denmark–Norway consisted of three formally separate parts, and Norway kept its separate laws and some institutions, and separate coinage and army. This colony was one of the longest-lived of Denmark, until it was sold to the United States in 1917. I've also been to Norway several times. Arkivalier før 1848. Was … Svennung considers the Sami name to have been introduced as a loan word from the North Germanic languages;[22] "Skaði" is the giant stepmother of Freyr and Freyja in Norse mythology. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. In addition to the mainland Scandinavian countries of: The clearest example of the use of the term Scandinavia as a political and societal construct is the unique position of Finland, based largely on the fact that most of modern-day Finland was part of Sweden for more than six centuries (see: Finland under Swedish rule), thus to much of the world associating Finland with all of Scandinavia. Alternatively, Sca(n)dinavia and Skáney, along with the Old Norse goddess name Skaði, may be related to Proto-Germanic *skaðwa- (meaning "shadow"). Versand: EUR 9,53. The Second war of Schleswig followed in 1864, a brief but disastrous war between Denmark and Prussia (supported by Austria). By some scholars, Saevo is thought to be the mountainous Norwegian coast at the entrance to Skagerrak and the Cimbrian peninsula is thought to be Skagen, the north tip of Jutland, Denmark. Some early Swedish scholars of the Swedish Hyperborean school[66] and of the ninettenth-century romantic nationalism period proceeded to synthesize the different versions by inserting references to the Suiones, arguing that they must have been referred to in the original texts and obscured over time by spelling mistakes or various alterations.[67][68]. [59] The long history of linguistic influence of Swedish on Finnish is also due to the fact that Finnish, the language of the majority in Finland, was treated as a minority language while Finland was part of Sweden. Kröger, Teppo. "The quality of working life: is Scandinavia different?.". [14] Correspondingly, some Basque scholars have presented the idea that the segment sk that appears in *Skaðinawjō is connected to the name for the Euzko peoples, akin to Basques, that populated Paleolithic Europe. [9] Denmark–Norway became an absolutist state and Denmark a hereditary monarchy, as Norway de jure had been since the Middle Ages. The terms Fennoscandia and Fennoscandinavia are sometimes used in a broader, political sense to refer to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. The Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658), a part of the Second Northern War, was one of the most devastating wars for the Dano-Norwegian kingdom. Retrieved 9 November 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Start Mitmachen Frage des Tages Wo gibt es die Städte Denmark, Sweden und Norway? This folio map is an original copper engraving from 1787. But the Norwegians objected to the terms of this treaty, and a constitutional assembly declared Norwegian independence on 17 May 1814 and elected the Crown Prince Christian Frederik as king of independent Norway. The term "Denmark–Norway" reflects the historical and legal roots of the union. The war was concluded with the French dictating peace, with no permanent gains or losses to either of the countries. After Swedish king Erik introduced obstacles in an attempt to hinder trade with Russia, Lübeck and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth joined Denmark–Norway in a war alliance. ", This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 17:42. When the Danish-Norwegian king Christian III (reigned 1534–1559) included the traditionally Swedish insignia of three crowns into his own coat of arms, the Swedes interpreted this as a Danish claim over Sweden. The state also claimed sovereignty over two historical peoples: Wends and Gutes. Denmark–Norway was among the countries to follow Martin Luther after the Protestant Reformation, and thus established Lutheran Protestantism as official religion in place of Roman Catholicism. In the Gold Coast region of West Africa, Denmark–Norway also over time had control over various colonies and forts. Christian IV sought to become the leader of the north German Lutheran states, however following the Battle of Lutter in 1626 Denmark met a crushing defeat. In usages based on cultural/linguistic definitions (native speakers of North Germanic languages), Scandinavians also include Faroe Islanders, Icelanders, the Swedish-speaking population of Finland, the Swedish-speaking population of Estonia, and the Scandinavian diaspora. [citation needed] Prior to 1660, Denmark–Norway was de jure a constitutional and elective monarchy in which the King's power was somewhat limited; in that year it became one of the most stringent absolute monarchies in Europe. 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